Integrand size = 23, antiderivative size = 77 \[ \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx=\frac {a^2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \tanh (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{b^{5/2} \sqrt {a+b} d}-\frac {(a-b) \tanh (c+d x)}{b^2 d}-\frac {\tanh ^3(c+d x)}{3 b d} \]
a^2*arctanh(b^(1/2)*tanh(d*x+c)/(a+b)^(1/2))/b^(5/2)/d/(a+b)^(1/2)-(a-b)*t anh(d*x+c)/b^2/d-1/3*tanh(d*x+c)^3/b/d
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(214\) vs. \(2(77)=154\).
Time = 3.64 (sec) , antiderivative size = 214, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.78 \[ \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx=\frac {(a+2 b+a \cosh (2 (c+d x))) \text {sech}^2(c+d x) \left (3 a^2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\text {sech}(d x) (\cosh (2 c)-\sinh (2 c)) ((a+2 b) \sinh (d x)-a \sinh (2 c+d x))}{2 \sqrt {a+b} \sqrt {b (\cosh (c)-\sinh (c))^4}}\right ) (\cosh (2 c)-\sinh (2 c))+\sqrt {a+b} \text {sech}(c+d x) \sqrt {b (\cosh (c)-\sinh (c))^4} \left (\text {sech}(c) \left (-3 a+2 b+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)\right ) \sinh (d x)+b \text {sech}(c+d x) \tanh (c)\right )\right )}{6 b^2 \sqrt {a+b} d \left (a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)\right ) \sqrt {b (\cosh (c)-\sinh (c))^4}} \]
((a + 2*b + a*Cosh[2*(c + d*x)])*Sech[c + d*x]^2*(3*a^2*ArcTanh[(Sech[d*x] *(Cosh[2*c] - Sinh[2*c])*((a + 2*b)*Sinh[d*x] - a*Sinh[2*c + d*x]))/(2*Sqr t[a + b]*Sqrt[b*(Cosh[c] - Sinh[c])^4])]*(Cosh[2*c] - Sinh[2*c]) + Sqrt[a + b]*Sech[c + d*x]*Sqrt[b*(Cosh[c] - Sinh[c])^4]*(Sech[c]*(-3*a + 2*b + b* Sech[c + d*x]^2)*Sinh[d*x] + b*Sech[c + d*x]*Tanh[c])))/(6*b^2*Sqrt[a + b] *d*(a + b*Sech[c + d*x]^2)*Sqrt[b*(Cosh[c] - Sinh[c])^4])
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 72, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.94, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.174, Rules used = {3042, 4634, 300, 2009}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sec (i c+i d x)^6}{a+b \sec (i c+i d x)^2}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 4634 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {\left (1-\tanh ^2(c+d x)\right )^2}{-b \tanh ^2(c+d x)+a+b}d\tanh (c+d x)}{d}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 300 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \left (\frac {a^2}{b^2 \left (-b \tanh ^2(c+d x)+a+b\right )}-\frac {\tanh ^2(c+d x)}{b}-\frac {a-b}{b^2}\right )d\tanh (c+d x)}{d}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2009 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {a^2 \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \tanh (c+d x)}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{b^{5/2} \sqrt {a+b}}-\frac {(a-b) \tanh (c+d x)}{b^2}-\frac {\tanh ^3(c+d x)}{3 b}}{d}\) |
((a^2*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[b]*Tanh[c + d*x])/Sqrt[a + b]])/(b^(5/2)*Sqrt[a + b]) - ((a - b)*Tanh[c + d*x])/b^2 - Tanh[c + d*x]^3/(3*b))/d
3.1.82.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2)^(q_), x_Symbol] :> Int [PolynomialDivide[(a + b*x^2)^p, (c + d*x^2)^(-q), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c , d}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && IGtQ[p, 0] && ILtQ[q, 0] && GeQ[p, -q]
Int[sec[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*sec[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]^(n_) )^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{ff = FreeFactors[Tan[e + f*x], x]}, Simp[ff/f Subst[Int[(1 + ff^2*x^2)^(m/2 - 1)*ExpandToSum[a + b*(1 + ff^2*x^2)^(n/2), x]^p, x], x, Tan[e + f*x]/ff], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, e, f, p}, x] && IntegerQ [m/2] && IntegerQ[n/2]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(182\) vs. \(2(67)=134\).
Time = 1.45 (sec) , antiderivative size = 183, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.38
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\frac {2 \left (-a +b \right ) \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{5}+2 \left (-2 a +\frac {2 b}{3}\right ) \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{3}+2 \left (-a +b \right ) \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{b^{2} \left (\tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}+1\right )^{3}}-\frac {2 a^{2} \left (-\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {a +b}\, \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}+2 \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {b}+\sqrt {a +b}\right )}{4 \sqrt {b}\, \sqrt {a +b}}+\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {a +b}\, \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}-2 \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {b}+\sqrt {a +b}\right )}{4 \sqrt {b}\, \sqrt {a +b}}\right )}{b^{2}}}{d}\) | \(183\) |
default | \(\frac {\frac {2 \left (-a +b \right ) \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{5}+2 \left (-2 a +\frac {2 b}{3}\right ) \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{3}+2 \left (-a +b \right ) \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{b^{2} \left (\tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}+1\right )^{3}}-\frac {2 a^{2} \left (-\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {a +b}\, \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}+2 \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {b}+\sqrt {a +b}\right )}{4 \sqrt {b}\, \sqrt {a +b}}+\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {a +b}\, \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}-2 \tanh \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ) \sqrt {b}+\sqrt {a +b}\right )}{4 \sqrt {b}\, \sqrt {a +b}}\right )}{b^{2}}}{d}\) | \(183\) |
risch | \(\frac {2 a \,{\mathrm e}^{4 d x +4 c}+4 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 d x +2 c} a -4 b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 d x +2 c}+2 a -\frac {4 b}{3}}{b^{2} d \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 d x +2 c}+1\right )^{3}}+\frac {a^{2} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 d x +2 c}+\frac {a \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}+2 b \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}-2 a b -2 b^{2}}{a \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}\, d \,b^{2}}-\frac {a^{2} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 d x +2 c}+\frac {a \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}+2 b \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}+2 a b +2 b^{2}}{a \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {a b +b^{2}}\, d \,b^{2}}\) | \(220\) |
1/d*(2/b^2*((-a+b)*tanh(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^5+(-2*a+2/3*b)*tanh(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^ 3+(-a+b)*tanh(1/2*d*x+1/2*c))/(tanh(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2+1)^3-2*a^2/b^2*(-1/4/ b^(1/2)/(a+b)^(1/2)*ln((a+b)^(1/2)*tanh(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2+2*tanh(1/2*d*x+1/ 2*c)*b^(1/2)+(a+b)^(1/2))+1/4/b^(1/2)/(a+b)^(1/2)*ln((a+b)^(1/2)*tanh(1/2* d*x+1/2*c)^2-2*tanh(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*b^(1/2)+(a+b)^(1/2))))
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 832 vs. \(2 (67) = 134\).
Time = 0.27 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1905, normalized size of antiderivative = 24.74 \[ \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx=\text {Too large to display} \]
[1/6*(12*(a^2*b + a*b^2)*cosh(d*x + c)^4 + 48*(a^2*b + a*b^2)*cosh(d*x + c )*sinh(d*x + c)^3 + 12*(a^2*b + a*b^2)*sinh(d*x + c)^4 + 12*a^2*b + 4*a*b^ 2 - 8*b^3 + 24*(a^2*b - b^3)*cosh(d*x + c)^2 + 24*(a^2*b - b^3 + 3*(a^2*b + a*b^2)*cosh(d*x + c)^2)*sinh(d*x + c)^2 + 3*(a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^6 + 6*a^2 *cosh(d*x + c)*sinh(d*x + c)^5 + a^2*sinh(d*x + c)^6 + 3*a^2*cosh(d*x + c) ^4 + 3*(5*a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^2 + a^2)*sinh(d*x + c)^4 + 3*a^2*cosh(d*x + c) ^2 + 4*(5*a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^3 + 3*a^2*cosh(d*x + c))*sinh(d*x + c)^3 + 3*( 5*a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^4 + 6*a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^2 + a^2)*sinh(d*x + c)^2 + a^2 + 6*(a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^5 + 2*a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^3 + a^2*cosh(d*x + c))*sin h(d*x + c))*sqrt(a*b + b^2)*log((a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^4 + 4*a^2*cosh(d*x + c) *sinh(d*x + c)^3 + a^2*sinh(d*x + c)^4 + 2*(a^2 + 2*a*b)*cosh(d*x + c)^2 + 2*(3*a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^2 + a^2 + 2*a*b)*sinh(d*x + c)^2 + a^2 + 8*a*b + 8 *b^2 + 4*(a^2*cosh(d*x + c)^3 + (a^2 + 2*a*b)*cosh(d*x + c))*sinh(d*x + c) - 4*(a*cosh(d*x + c)^2 + 2*a*cosh(d*x + c)*sinh(d*x + c) + a*sinh(d*x + c )^2 + a + 2*b)*sqrt(a*b + b^2))/(a*cosh(d*x + c)^4 + 4*a*cosh(d*x + c)*sin h(d*x + c)^3 + a*sinh(d*x + c)^4 + 2*(a + 2*b)*cosh(d*x + c)^2 + 2*(3*a*co sh(d*x + c)^2 + a + 2*b)*sinh(d*x + c)^2 + 4*(a*cosh(d*x + c)^3 + (a + 2*b )*cosh(d*x + c))*sinh(d*x + c) + a)) + 48*((a^2*b + a*b^2)*cosh(d*x + c)^3 + (a^2*b - b^3)*cosh(d*x + c))*sinh(d*x + c))/((a*b^3 + b^4)*d*cosh(d*x + c)^6 + 6*(a*b^3 + b^4)*d*cosh(d*x + c)*sinh(d*x + c)^5 + (a*b^3 + b^4)...
\[ \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx=\int \frac {\operatorname {sech}^{6}{\left (c + d x \right )}}{a + b \operatorname {sech}^{2}{\left (c + d x \right )}}\, dx \]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 160 vs. \(2 (67) = 134\).
Time = 0.34 (sec) , antiderivative size = 160, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.08 \[ \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx=-\frac {a^{2} \log \left (\frac {a e^{\left (-2 \, d x - 2 \, c\right )} + a + 2 \, b - 2 \, \sqrt {{\left (a + b\right )} b}}{a e^{\left (-2 \, d x - 2 \, c\right )} + a + 2 \, b + 2 \, \sqrt {{\left (a + b\right )} b}}\right )}{2 \, \sqrt {{\left (a + b\right )} b} b^{2} d} - \frac {2 \, {\left (6 \, {\left (a - b\right )} e^{\left (-2 \, d x - 2 \, c\right )} + 3 \, a e^{\left (-4 \, d x - 4 \, c\right )} + 3 \, a - 2 \, b\right )}}{3 \, {\left (3 \, b^{2} e^{\left (-2 \, d x - 2 \, c\right )} + 3 \, b^{2} e^{\left (-4 \, d x - 4 \, c\right )} + b^{2} e^{\left (-6 \, d x - 6 \, c\right )} + b^{2}\right )} d} \]
-1/2*a^2*log((a*e^(-2*d*x - 2*c) + a + 2*b - 2*sqrt((a + b)*b))/(a*e^(-2*d *x - 2*c) + a + 2*b + 2*sqrt((a + b)*b)))/(sqrt((a + b)*b)*b^2*d) - 2/3*(6 *(a - b)*e^(-2*d*x - 2*c) + 3*a*e^(-4*d*x - 4*c) + 3*a - 2*b)/((3*b^2*e^(- 2*d*x - 2*c) + 3*b^2*e^(-4*d*x - 4*c) + b^2*e^(-6*d*x - 6*c) + b^2)*d)
\[ \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx=\int { \frac {\operatorname {sech}\left (d x + c\right )^{6}}{b \operatorname {sech}\left (d x + c\right )^{2} + a} \,d x } \]
Time = 2.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 334, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.34 \[ \int \frac {\text {sech}^6(c+d x)}{a+b \text {sech}^2(c+d x)} \, dx=\frac {8}{3\,b\,d\,\left (3\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+3\,{\mathrm {e}}^{4\,c+4\,d\,x}+{\mathrm {e}}^{6\,c+6\,d\,x}+1\right )}-\frac {4}{b\,d\,\left (2\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+{\mathrm {e}}^{4\,c+4\,d\,x}+1\right )}+\frac {2\,a}{b^2\,d\,\left ({\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+1\right )}-\frac {a^2\,\ln \left (\frac {4\,a^2\,\left (2\,a\,b+a^2+a^2\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+8\,b^2\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+8\,a\,b\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}\right )}{b^5\,\left (a+b\right )}-\frac {8\,a^2\,\left (a+2\,a\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+4\,b\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}\right )}{b^{9/2}\,\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{2\,b^{5/2}\,d\,\sqrt {a+b}}+\frac {a^2\,\ln \left (\frac {8\,a^2\,\left (a+2\,a\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+4\,b\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}\right )}{b^{9/2}\,\sqrt {a+b}}+\frac {4\,a^2\,\left (2\,a\,b+a^2+a^2\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+8\,b^2\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}+8\,a\,b\,{\mathrm {e}}^{2\,c+2\,d\,x}\right )}{b^5\,\left (a+b\right )}\right )}{2\,b^{5/2}\,d\,\sqrt {a+b}} \]
8/(3*b*d*(3*exp(2*c + 2*d*x) + 3*exp(4*c + 4*d*x) + exp(6*c + 6*d*x) + 1)) - 4/(b*d*(2*exp(2*c + 2*d*x) + exp(4*c + 4*d*x) + 1)) + (2*a)/(b^2*d*(exp (2*c + 2*d*x) + 1)) - (a^2*log((4*a^2*(2*a*b + a^2 + a^2*exp(2*c + 2*d*x) + 8*b^2*exp(2*c + 2*d*x) + 8*a*b*exp(2*c + 2*d*x)))/(b^5*(a + b)) - (8*a^2 *(a + 2*a*exp(2*c + 2*d*x) + 4*b*exp(2*c + 2*d*x)))/(b^(9/2)*(a + b)^(1/2) )))/(2*b^(5/2)*d*(a + b)^(1/2)) + (a^2*log((8*a^2*(a + 2*a*exp(2*c + 2*d*x ) + 4*b*exp(2*c + 2*d*x)))/(b^(9/2)*(a + b)^(1/2)) + (4*a^2*(2*a*b + a^2 + a^2*exp(2*c + 2*d*x) + 8*b^2*exp(2*c + 2*d*x) + 8*a*b*exp(2*c + 2*d*x)))/ (b^5*(a + b))))/(2*b^(5/2)*d*(a + b)^(1/2))